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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn (11.12.1918 - 03.08.2008) - Russian writer.

Александр Солженицын фото, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn photoAleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn was born on 11 December 1918 in Kislovodsk (present-day Stavropol Krai, Russia). His father Isaakiy Solzhenitsyn was an officer in the Imperial Russian Army. Aleksandr’s mother, Taisiya, was Ukrainian. She studied in Moscow and met Isaakiy there, who subsequently became her husband.

In 1918 when Taisiya was pregnant her husband died. As a result Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn was brought up by his mother and aunt. Taisiya tried to develop literary and scientific learnings of her son. Solzhenitsyn’s childhood coincided with the Russian Civil War. His mother never remarried and died in 1944.

In 1924 the family moved to Rostov-on-Don. In 1936 Solzhenitsyn finished school and entered Rostov State University the same year. While there in 1940 he married Natalia Alekseevna Reshetovskaya, but after a year he went to the army. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn served in the Red army during the Second World War.

During the war Solzhenitsyn corresponded with his friend Nikolai Vitkevich and the letters contained negative comments about Joseph Stalin. Consequently in 1945 Solzhenitsyn was arrested. In 1953 he was sent to internal exile for life at Kok-Terek (Kazakhstan). In 1954 Solzhenitsyn’s health became worse and he was treated in Tashkent. In 1956 he was released.

Solzhenitsyn began his literary career as an author of different short stories but his best-known works are The Gulag Archipelago and One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich. In 1970 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. In his works Solzhenitsyn substantially raised social and political issues.

In 1972 Solzhenitsyn divorced with his first wife and married for a second time to Natalia Dmitrievna Svetlova with whom he had three sons.

In February 1974 the writer was taken into custody and deported from the Soviet Union to Germany. He was announced to be the parricide. Then he moved to Zurich, Switzerland and made a tour of Western Europe, the USA and Canada. In 1976 Solzhenitsyn moved to the USA.

In 1994 Solzhenitsyn returned to Russia. From that time he lived with his wife in Moscow. All his sons became U.S. citizens.

Solzhenitsyn died of heart failure near Moscow on 3 August 2008, at the age of 89.

 

 


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